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I recall a story about a lad in the passenger seat who was explaining to his father why he doesn’t bother going to church: “I know I should and I will someday. I’ll have plenty of time for that later on.”

His father just kept driving.

“Wasn’t that our exit?” the lad asked.

“It sure was,” the father said.

“Then why don’t you turn back?” the lad asked.

“I know I should and I will someday,” the father responded. “I’ll have plenty of time for that later on.”

Whatever you know you should do, don’t wait for someday. The longer you go down the wrong road, the farther you will have to double back.
Posted in Interesting by Juzar Noorani. No Comments

The Tolerance of the Fâtimids toward “The People of the Book” (Ahl al-kitâb)

Diana Steigerwald

“With respect to relations between the Western and Islamic worlds, are we not seeing a conflict of stereotypes and prejudices, exacerbates by a good measure of ignorance about Islam? There are, of course, some differences, but if superficiality and trivialization can be set aside, and be replaced by the will to go deeper to seek a solid foundation for mutual understanding and respects, it can be found in the common heritage of the Abrahamic faiths and the ethical principles that they share.”

In the Qur’ân, Jews and Christians are designated as Ahl al-Kitâb (People of the Book). The Book (Kitâb) refers to previous revelation such as the Torah (Tawrât), the Psalms (Zabûr), and the Gospels (Injîl). The status of Ahl al-Kitâb is distinguished from the one of idolaters (mshrikûn) (XXVII: 62s.). The latter are invited to adopt Islâm wheres Jews and Christians may keep their religion. The Qur’ân (III: 110, 199) recommends Muslims to be respectful toward Ahl al-Kitâb since there are sincere believers among them.

Islâm is a tolerant religion. Tolerance does not mean a passive adherence to all opinions, but an affirmation of our own faith while respecting other religions. Tolerance means to accept other people with their own differences; hence the Qur’ân recognizes the right of People of the Book to practice their religion. It is clearly indicated in the Qur’ân (II: 256) that Islâm may not be imposed by force.

Tolerance invites people to reflect and to dialogue in order to raise their level of understanding themselves and their relations with peoples who profess a different faith, position, or outlook. Prophet Muhammad used to explain that the People of the Book received only a part of the truth (III: 23; IV: 44). Hence certain Jews and Christians forgot the original principles of the Abrahamic faith. Muhammad considered [p. 17] the religious writings compiled by some scribes corrupted and falsified, where they differed with the Qur’ânic truth (cf. XX: 133; IX: 30-31). Thus he invited the Jews and the Christians to accept the Qur’ân which completes former revelations. The People of the Book could find the confirmation of the Qur’ânic revelation by carefully examining the Bible (cf. II: 89, 101; III: 7, 64; IV: 47). Even if the Judeo-Christian scriptures were altered, there still remain some elements of truth within them. The Qur’ân even recognizes that certain Jews and Christians are saved in the Hereafter (II: 62).

The Constitution of Medina protected Jews and Christians. They were called dhimmiyyûn (protected subjects) who were not subject to the religious tax (zakât) but were required to pay another tax (jiziya). Their goods were protected and they were given the right to practice their religions. In exchange for upholding certain obligations, they were given these rights. The Constitution stipulated that the Jews would form one composite nation with the Muslims; they could practice their religion as freely as the Muslims; they had to join the Muslims in defending Medina against all enemies. After the death of the Prophet, his direct descendants through his daughter Fâtima and his cousin `Alî, had to wait many centuries before creating in 567/909 the Fâtimid Empire, which extended from actual Palestine to Tunisia. In this Empire, the majority of Muslims were Sunnî and Coptic Christians constituted a very significant portion of the population. There were also significant numbers of Christians, called Melkites, who belonged to an Orthodox Greek denomination, as well as Jews, especially in Syria. Nâsir-i Khusraw (d. circa 470/1077), the famous Ismâ`îlî thinker, who visited Egypt, noticed that nowhere in the Muslim world had he seen Christians enjoy as much peace and material wealth as did the Copts. The Caliph al-Mu`izz hired a large number of Ahl al-Kitâb as administrators of the state. The Caliph al-`Azîz continued his father’s policy of religious tolerance and married a Melkite Christian. Al-`Azîz’s two brothers-in-law, Orestes and Arsenius, were nominated Patriarch of Jerusalem and Metropolitan of Cairo, respectively. In spite of Muslim discontent and jealousy, al-`Azîz permitted the Coptic Patriarch Ephraim to restore the Church of St. Mercurius near Fustât. Moreover, he protected the Patriarch against Muslim attacks.

The Caliph al-Hâkim (d. 411/1021) experienced many difficulties internally as well as externally during his reign. He temporarily adopted some antagonistic measures against Christians. Christians and Jews were forced to follow the Islâmic law. However, toward the end of his reign, al-Hâkim changed his policy. Thus, he restored some of the churches and became more tolerant toward the Christians and their religious practices. The following Caliph al-Zâhir (d. 427/1036) established a complete policy of religious freedom.

During the Fâtimid period, Christians and Jews had full liberty to celebrate their festivals. Muslims took part in these celebrations and the state participated as well. The government also used some Christian festivals as an occasion for the distribution of garments and money among the people. Christians and Jews were employed in the Fâtimid administration. They were able to reach very important ranks, even to go as high as the position of vizier. It is worth mentioning that no similar examples of employment of non-Muslim viziers are known among other Muslim contemporary dynasties. Nowhere in the Muslim world during that time could non-Muslims accede to such a rank.

The only exception to this policy of religious tolerance was under al-Hâkim’s reign. According to the historian al-Maqrîzî (d. 846/1442), economic and social life deteriorated during this era. The Ismâ`îlî dâ`î Hamîd al-dîn Kirmânî (d. 412/1021), in his treatise Al-risâlat al-wâ`iza, described this critical period in which there was a great famine. Several of the hostile but temporary measures taken by al-Hâkim can be explained by the existing situation, in which some in the community were extremely perturbed by the growing prosperity of Ahl al-Kitâb and their increasing power in the state. Al-Hâkim perhaps also wanted to thwart the Byzantine Empire, which threatened Northern Syria. Broadly speaking, it must be emphasized that Muslims, Jews, and Christians lived peacefully and worked together for the well being of the Empire in all Ifrîqiya.

In the contemporary Islâmic world, the treatment of the Ahl al-Kitâb varies from one Muslim country to another. While most Muslim countries proclaim to be secular their understanding of the relations between Muslim and non-Muslim is still inspired by the perspectives which derive from pre-modern interpretations of juridical traditions. The constitutions of many countries stipulate that the Chief of State must be Muslim. However, in countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and in some other states, religious minorities are represented in the legislative bodies.

Bibliography:

Madelung Wilferd, “Ismâ`îliyya”, EI2, vol. 6 (1978): 198-206. Steigerwald Diane, L’islâm: les valeurs communes au judéo-christianisme, Montréal-Paris: Médiaspaul, 1999. Vajda Georges, “Ahl al-kitâb”, EI2 , vol. 1 (1979): 264-266.

Diana Steigerwald

Religious Studies, California State University (Long Beach)

The Ismaili

United States of America

December 13 (2002): 16-17.

The Sacrifice of Hazrat Ibrahim – Isa Masih (AS)

Every year many thousands of sheep, goats, camels and other animals are sacrificed throughout the world on the occasion of Eid-al-Adha. At this special time, Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) is remembered for his humble submission in being willing to sacrifice his son at the command of Allah. We remember that at the last moment as the prophet was about to plunge the knife into the body of his son, Almighty Allah called out to Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) to stop and not to harm his son. Instead, Allah provided an animal as a substitute sacrifice. And so, every year similar sacrifices are performed in memory of Hazrat Ibrahim’s submission to Allah.

But is there a deeper, secret meaning to this sacrifice that can benefit us today? Yes, there is a deeper meaning to the sacrifice which can only be understood by first listening to the voice of Allah in the holy Tawrat, one of the heavenly books. Why must we look into this particular holy book? Because it is this book which gives the original account of the life of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS), including the original account of this great sacrifice. The event is recorded in the holy Tawrat, part one (Genesis), chapter 22.

In the story, Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) and his son are walking to the hill where the sacrifice is to take place. The boy notices that they have everything except an animal to sacrifice, and so he asks his father a question, “The fire and the wood are here, but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?” (Genesis 22, verse 7)

Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) answers, “Allah himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son” (Genesis 22, verse 8). Notice that both the prophet and his son thought that the appropriate animal for the sacrifice was a lamb, or baby sheep. Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) speaking as a prophet, said that Allah would provide the lamb for sacrifice. But what actually happened?

Then he [Hazrat Ibrahim] reached out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. But the angel of the Lord called out to him from heaven, “Abraham! Abraham!” “Here I am,” he replied.

“Do not lay a hand on the boy,” he [the angel] said. “Do not do anything to him. Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son.”

Abraham looked up and there in the thicket he saw a ram caught by its horns. He went over and took the ram and sacrificed it as a burnt offering instead of his son. (Genesis 22, verses 10-13)

Hazrat Ibrahim (AS), or Abraham, said that Allah would provide a lamb for sacrifice. But what did Allah provide? Allah did not provide a lamb, but a ram. We know that it was a ram because it was caught in a thicket by its horns. A lamb has no horns. If this is so, then a question remains, “Was Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) mistaken when he said that Allah would provide a lamb?”

No, he spoke the truth. This is where the secret meaning of the sacrifice comes in. For many centuries after Hazrat Ibrahim’s sacrifice, the full meaning of the prophet’s statement remained hidden. Then one day, a new prophet appeared to mankind– Hazrat Yahya (AS). Listen to the account of Hazrat Yahya (AS), or John the Baptist, found in the holy Injil,

The next day John saw Isa (AS) or Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” (Injil, John 1, verse 29).

Hazrat Yahya (AS) undoubtedly knew the story of Hazrat Ibrahim’s great sacrifice. He himself could have read the story in the holy Tawrat. He knew that Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) said that Allah would provide a lamb to die as a substitute for his son. Hazrat Yahya (AS) could also know that the actual animal sacrificed at the time was a ram, not a lamb. Now as a prophet of Allah, Hazrat Yahya (AS) upon seeing the great messenger Hazrat Isa Masih (AS), says to everyone, “Look, the Lamb of Allah, who takes away the sin of the world!”

According the holy Injil, Hazrat Isa Masih (AS) is a lamb. But which lamb? The lamb which Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) first said Allah would provide. This is the lamb which had to be sacrificed to save the son of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS). The animal which Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) sacrificed was not the real lamb of Allah, but just a ram. It was only a temporary arrangement made until the real lamb of Allah should come. The real Lamb, Hazrat Isa Masih (AS), would be much better than any mere animal because he could take away the sins of all men! An animal’s life does not have the value of a man’s life, and so the sacrifice of an animal can never take away any man’s sins. But the life of Hazrat Isa Masih (AS) has inestimable value, and so he can help every man. By giving his own life as a sacrifice for sins, he could free all the sons of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) from their sins.

But when did Hazrat Isa Masih (AS)  give his life as a sacrifice for sins? Before he was taken up to be with Allah. Of his own free will, he himself decided that he would let evil men kill him, by nailing his body to a cross:

So the soldiers took charge of Jesus [Isa]. Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place of the Skull (which in Aramaic is called Golgotha). Here they crucified him, and with him two others–one on each side and Jesus in the middle. Later, knowing that all was now completed, and so that the Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, “I am thirsty.” A jar of wine vinegar was there, so they soaked a sponge in it, put the sponge on a stalk of the hyssop plant, and lifted it to Jesus’ lips. When he had finished the drink, Jesus said, “It is finished.” With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.

(Injil, John 19, verses 17,18,28-30)

Perhaps this is new knowledge to you, but it was not new to the prophet, Hazrat Isa, Spirit of Allah. He knew in advance that it would happen. Not only that, he allowed it to happen. Before all this happened, Hazrat Isa Masih (AS) had said,

No one takes my life from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again. (Injil, John 10, verse 18)

So it was Hazrat Isa’s own decision to lay down his life as a sacrifice. But just as he laid his life down, he also took it up again by his own authority. He became alive again! His rising again was the proof that his suffering was not a defeat. Allah is most great! The plot of the evil men failed. Hazrat Isa Masih was victorious. After he became alive again, Hazrat Isa Masih said this,

I am the Living One; I was dead, and behold I am alive for ever and ever! And I hold the keys of death and the grave.

(Injil, Revelation 1, verse 18)

In giving his life as a sacrifice, Hazrat Isa Masih (AS) fulfilled the words which Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) spoke to his son many years before, “Allah himself will provide a lamb for sacrifice.” This is the lamb which takes away the sins of all men. His sacrifice is still powerful to save men from sins today because he is not dead, but alive. The holy Injil says,

Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. (Injil, Hebrews 7, verse 25)

Hazrat Isa Masih is the lamb who saves the sons of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS), that is, those who have the faith of Ibrahim. Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) believed that Allah himself would provide a lamb as a substitionary sacrifice. Hazrat Ibrahim also believed that even if death should come, Allah can raise the dead to life. Allah has raised Hazrat Isa Masih, who is alive today to intercede on behalf of all those who come to Allah through him. You too may approach Allah through Hazrat Isa, who will intercede to Allah for you, and save you from the penalty of your sins.

So remember that when you see an animal being sacrificed on Eid-al-Adha, the sacrificed animal speaks of a much greater sacrifice–the sacrifice of Hazrat Isa Masih, the Lamb of Allah, who takes away the sins of men.

Eid Mubarak – May Allah Subhanu wa Ta’ala prosper you and your family.

———

The Above is a sketch of the pointers of Allah and his hikmat according to a muslim scholar. Huzurala (TUS) has often narrated the inner meaning of “Zibhe Azeem” – The great sacrifice and related with the sacrifice of Rasulallah’s son Ibrahim on Imam Husain (AS). The martyrdom of Imam Husain for the sake of Islam and the deen of his grandfather Rasulallah (SA). Later Maula (tus) also relates the extremely high khidmat of the Duat Kiram (RA) for Rasulallah and his progeny the Aimmat Athaarm (AS).

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Posted in Dawoodi Bohras Deen Syedna by Juzar Noorani. 4 Comments

What is Malumaat???

Literary it means information. Information about what you may say? Well as its name suggests and as it activities declare loudly it is a “one stop” shop for advertisements and “show-offs”. A news media? exactly what I was going to tell you. A news agency for the bohra community I may say. an agency on the net but is it helpful to the society of the bohras or the community?

I may sound to be be offensive on this, but then are any of those news agencies really helpful? I guess CNN is just another terror plot by the US. A plot to terrorize people with its policy of frightening people of the bullies called Osama, Saddam, or any XYZ person whom the bush administration wants to get rid of.

Malumaat is show biz and glamor for the Rasheed family a nice bunch of Khidmat Guzaars whom I truly admire from the deepest of my heart. You might think I am a double faced pig but no, don’t you guys read their disclaimer which says we are not responsible for any incorrect information on their so called “One Stop” portal?? Don’t the hundreds of subscribers to their mailing list ever see them state “We are not responsible for the comments posted herein” Whatever, I am close to it though not exact wordings. I have a suggestion for everyone, go home and think “Why the hell is the MALUMAAT group moderated if the moderator is not responsible for the post??“. Also ask yourself loudly “What is the criteria set forth by the moderators of malumaat for a post to be allowed or rejected?? Why should a moderator edit my message before letting it through, if he is not willing to accept the responsibility of the post anyway???”

Dudes just think how can a one stop portal operate without any policy being laid out or any “Terms of USE” mentioned out clearly??” When you oppose something wrong you are bullied and banned from the group rather than a proper response. And stuff like “masalla” space and other stuff are discussed as bait and ammo for the progressives and supportors of the lanati engineer to thrive on. Shikaar pics are displayed for the world to show that we are no good eco-friendly “Show-Offs”. Sorry for the harsh words but I hate to read or listen something badly expressed about my love and passion. The one-angel on earth. And that too for some dumb one-stop idiots’ parade.

There are 2 things I have learned in my life of Khidmat from the most prominent and highly respected khidmat guzaars of the community and Dawat, not to mention the Rashid head Shk Ibrahim bhai himself, you ought to do khidmat with “josh” combined with full “hosh”.

Well then wny are you guys voting it No.1 at ranking.com. I have no idea. I guess I am stupid and the rest of the world is full of intelligent beings.

There is a lot to say but let me leave it for the commentators too. Ah, one more thing I have a suggestion for all, why not find the “only portal” for the community and by the community which follows certain prescribed rules and enjoys working for the Bohra community as a whole. I know those guys but won’t mention my biased opinion. Better do a research yourself. Good pictures, and quantity of pictures is ruled out for decision making.

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Posted in Dawoodi Bohras by Juzar Noorani. 1 Comment